注釋
1、包錫南：《北歐國(guó)家的環(huán)境問(wèn)題和農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)概況》，《環(huán)境科學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)》，1989年第12期。
2～11、13～15、19～21、23、24、30、37、39、40、43、53Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
12OECD Environmental Performance Reviews - DENMARK, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, 2007.
13～15Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
16The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 1999~2001, TemaNord Report 2002:581, Nordic Council of Ministers,2002.
17、18、27、32、35、38、41The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2006~2009, TemaNord Report 2009:578, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
19～21Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
22Nordic Environment: Greening the economy-the Nordic way，http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publikationer/2012-1001，2014年7月30日訪問(wèn)。
25The Nordic Swan - from past experiences to future possibilities. The third evaluation of the Nordic ecolabelling scheme, TemaNord Report 2008:529, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2008.
26、28、29Decoupling of CO2 Emissions from Energy Intensive Industries, TemaNord Report 2006:528, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
31、33、34The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries 2001-2005, TemaNord Report 2006:525, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
36、Innovation effects of the Swedish NOx charge. Joint Meetings of Tax and Environment Experts. COM/ENV/EPOC/CTPA/CFA(2009)8/FINAL. Environment Directorate, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, 2010.
42、The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries 2001-2005, TemaNord Report 2006:525, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
44、The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2006-2009, TemaNord Report 2009:578, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
45、The Environment and Public Procurement - Common Nordic Procurement Criteria , TemaNord Report 2006:599, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
46、Benefits of Green Public Procurement, TemaNord Report 2009:593, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
47、Nordic Cooperation on Green Public Procurement: The First Set of Criteria Examples, TemaNord Report 2009:759, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
48、Towards sustainable consumption and production-Nordic contribution 2006- 2009. Examples of and conclusions on project results relevant for EU and other international policy processes. Nordic Council of Ministers' Working Group for Sustainable Consumption and Production (NCM-SCP), 2010.
49、The Environment and Public Procurement - Common Nordic Procurement Criteria, TemaNord Report 2006:599, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
50、Towards sustainable consumption and production-Nordic contribution 2006- 2009. Examples of and conclusions on project results relevant for EU and other international policy processes. Nordic Council of Ministers' Working Group for Sustainable Consumption and Production (NCM-SCP), 2010.
51、Environmental Communication to consumers - a Nordic manual, TemaNord Report 2006:750, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
52、Payment for ecosystem services, TemaNord Report 2009:571, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
責(zé) 編／楊昀贇
【摘要】北歐國(guó)家環(huán)境政策的先進(jìn)程度在世界范圍內(nèi)處于領(lǐng)先地位。上個(gè)世紀(jì)70年代，北歐國(guó)家開(kāi)始系統(tǒng)治理環(huán)境問(wèn)題。其后，該地區(qū)環(huán)境政策的發(fā)展大致經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)發(fā)展階段——命令控制型時(shí)期、市場(chǎng)型政策廣泛發(fā)展時(shí)期、氣候治理興起時(shí)期以及新市場(chǎng)型政策措施時(shí)期。北歐國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境改善，與各種市場(chǎng)型環(huán)境政策的采取有著密切的聯(lián)系。由末端治理轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)綠色增長(zhǎng)，北歐國(guó)家的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷為各國(guó)提供了良好的示范。命令控制型政策無(wú)法適應(yīng)我國(guó)日漸嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)保需求，可以借鑒北歐國(guó)家所采取的對(duì)環(huán)保行為的鼓勵(lì)不設(shè)上限的市場(chǎng)型政策。
【關(guān)鍵詞】北歐國(guó)家 環(huán)境政策 綠色增長(zhǎng)
周珂，中國(guó)人民大學(xué)法學(xué)院教授、博導(dǎo)。研究方向?yàn)榄h(huán)境資源法、經(jīng)濟(jì)法、房地產(chǎn)法。主要著作有《物業(yè)規(guī)范管理教程》、《生態(tài)環(huán)境法論》、《環(huán)境法》、《我國(guó)入世后環(huán)境與貿(mào)易問(wèn)題的法律審視》（論文）等。林瀟瀟，中國(guó)人民大學(xué)法學(xué)院博士研究生。
